現在，我代表第十九屆中央委員會向大會作報告。
On behalf of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now deliver a report to the 20th National Congress.
中國共產黨第二十次全國代表大會，是在全黨全國各族人民邁上全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程、向第二個百年奮斗目標進軍的關鍵時刻召開的一次十分重要的大會。
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a meeting of great importance. It takes place at a critical time as the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects and advance toward the Second Centenary Goal.
大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹新時代中國特色社會主義思想，弘揚偉大建黨精神，自信自強、守正創新，踔厲奮發、勇毅前行，為全面建設社會主義現代化國家、全面推進中華民族偉大復興而團結奮斗。
The theme of this Congress is holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implementing the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, carrying forward the great founding spirit of the Party, staying confident and building strength, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, forging ahead with enterprise and fortitude, and striving in unity to build a modern socialist country in all respects and advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts.
中國共產黨已走過百年奮斗歷程。我們黨立志于中華民族千秋偉業，致力于人類和平與發展崇高事業，責任無比重大，使命無上光榮。全黨同志務必不忘初心、牢記使命，務必謙虛謹慎、艱苦奮斗，務必敢于斗爭、善于斗爭，堅定歷史自信，增強歷史主動，譜寫新時代中國特色社會主義更加絢麗的華章。
Since its founding a century ago, the Communist Party of China has taken a remarkable journey. Our Party has dedicated itself to achieving lasting greatness for the Chinese nation and committed itself to the noble cause of peace and development for humanity. Our responsibility is unmatched in importance, and our mission is glorious beyond compare. It is imperative that all of us in the Party never forget our original aspiration and founding mission, that we always stay modest, prudent, and hard-working, and that we have the courage and ability to carry on our fight. We must remain confident in our history, exhibit greater historical initiative, and write an even more magnificent chapter for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
一、過去五年的工作和新時代十年的偉大變革
I. The Work of the Past Five Years and
the Great Changes in the First Decade of the New Era
十九大以來的五年，是極不尋常、極不平凡的五年。黨中央統籌中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局，召開七次全會，分別就憲法修改，深化黨和國家機構改革，堅持和完善中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化，制定“十四五”規劃和二〇三五年遠景目標，全面總結黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經驗等重大問題作出決定和決議，就黨和國家事業發展作出重大戰略部署，團結帶領全黨全軍全國各族人民有效應對嚴峻復雜的國際形勢和接踵而至的巨大風險挑戰，以奮發有為的精神把新時代中國特色社會主義不斷推向前進。
The five years since the 19th National Congress have been truly momentous and extraordinary. The Party Central Committee has pursued a strategy of national rejuvenation amid global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century. It has convened seven plenary sessions, at which it adopted decisions and resolutions on major issues such as revising China’s Constitution, deepening reform of Party and state institutions, upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, and conducting a thorough review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. At these sessions, major strategic plans were also made for advancing the cause of the Party and the country. The Central Committee has brought together the entire Party, the military, and the Chinese people and led them in effectively responding to grave, intricate international developments and a series of immense risks and challenges. With great effort and determination, we have steadily advanced socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
五年來，我們堅持加強黨的全面領導和黨中央集中統一領導，全力推進全面建成小康社會進程，完整、準確、全面貫徹新發展理念，著力推動高質量發展，主動構建新發展格局，蹄疾步穩推進改革，扎實推進全過程人民民主，全面推進依法治國，積極發展社會主義先進文化，突出保障和改善民生，集中力量實施脫貧攻堅戰，大力推進生態文明建設，堅決維護國家安全，防范化解重大風險，保持社會大局穩定，大力度推進國防和軍隊現代化建設，全方位開展中國特色大國外交，全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程。我們隆重慶祝中國共產黨成立一百周年、中華人民共和國成立七十周年，制定第三個歷史決議，在全黨開展黨史學習教育，建成中國共產黨歷史展覽館，號召全黨學習和踐行偉大建黨精神，在新的征程上更加堅定、更加自覺地牢記初心使命、開創美好未來。特別是面對突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情，我們堅持人民至上、生命至上，堅持外防輸入、內防反彈，堅持動態清零不動搖，開展抗擊疫情人民戰爭、總體戰、阻擊戰，*大限度保護了人民生命安全和身體健康，統籌疫情防控和經濟社會發展取得重大積極成果。面對香港局勢動蕩變化，我們依照憲法和基本法有效實施對特別行政區的全面管治權，制定實施香港特別行政區維護國家安全法，落實“愛國者治港”原則，香港局勢實現由亂到治的重大轉折，深入推進粵港澳大灣區建設，支持香港、澳門發展經濟、改善民生、保持穩定。面對“臺獨”勢力分裂活動和外部勢力干涉臺灣事務的嚴重挑釁，我們堅決開展反分裂、反干涉重大斗爭，展示了我們維護國家主權和領土完整、反對“臺獨”的堅強決心和強大能力，進一步掌握了實現祖國完全統一的戰略主動，進一步鞏固了國際社會堅持一個中國的格局。面對國際局勢急劇變化，特別是面對外部訛詐、遏制、封鎖、極限施壓，我們堅持國家利益為重、國內政治優先，保持戰略定力，發揚斗爭精神，展示不畏強權的堅定意志，在斗爭中維護國家尊嚴和核心利益，牢牢掌握了我國發展和安全主動權。五年來，我們黨團結帶領人民，攻克了許多長期沒有解決的難題，辦成了許多事關長遠的大事要事，推動黨和國家事業取得舉世矚目的重大成就。
Over the past five years, we have continued to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party and the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee. We have devoted great energy to finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, focused on promoting high-quality development, and worked to create a new pattern of development. We have pursued reform at a swift and steady pace, made solid progress in developing whole-process people’s democracy, and advanced law-based governance across all fields of endeavor. We have actively developed advanced socialist culture. We have ensured and improved public wellbeing as a matter of priority and pooled resources to wage a critical battle against poverty. We have made a big push to enhance ecological conservation. We have worked with firm resolve to safeguard national security, fended off and defused major risks, and ensured social stability. We have devoted great energy to modernizing our national defense and the armed forces. We have conducted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. And we have made sweeping efforts to advance the great new project of Party building.
We celebrated the centenary of the Communist Party of China and the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. We adopted the third resolution concerning the Party’s history, organized Party-wide activities to study Party history, and inaugurated the Museum of the Communist Party of China. We called upon all Party members to study and apply the great founding spirit of the Party, and we encouraged them to create a brighter future by staying true to the Party’s founding mission with greater resolve and purpose on the new journey ahead.
In responding to the sudden outbreak of Covid-19, we put the people and their lives above all else, worked to prevent both imported cases and domestic resurgences, and tenaciously pursued a dynamic zero-Covid policy. In launching an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus, we have protected the people’s health and safety to the greatest extent possible and made tremendously encouraging achievements in both epidemic response and economic and social development.
In the face of turbulent developments in Hong Kong, the central government exercised its overall jurisdiction over the special administrative region as prescribed by China’s Constitution and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was formulated and put into effect, ensuring that Hong Kong is administered by patriots. Thanks to these moves, order has been restored in Hong Kong, marking a major turn for the better in the region. Further headway has been made in developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and supporting Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies, improving living standards, and maintaining stability.
In response to separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and gross provocations of external interference in Taiwan affairs, we have resolutely fought against separatism and countered interference, demonstrating our resolve and ability to safeguard China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and to oppose “Taiwan independence.” We have strengthened our strategic initiative for China’s complete reunification and consolidated commitment to the one-China principle within the international community.
Confronted withdrastic changes in the international landscape, especially external attempts to blackmail, contain, blockade, and exert maximum pressure on China, we have put our national interests first, focused on internal political concerns, and maintained firm strategic resolve. We have shown a fighting spirit and a firm determination to never yield to coercive power. Throughout these endeavors, we have safeguarded China’s dignity and core interests and kept ourselves well-positioned for pursuing development and ensuring security.
Over the past five years, our Party has rallied the people and led them in solving a great number of problems that had long gone unsolved, securing many accomplishments that hold major future significance, and achieving impressive advances in the cause of the Party and the country.
同志們！十八大召開至今已經十年了。十年來，我們經歷了對黨和人民事業具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義的三件大事：一是迎來中國共產黨成立一百周年，二是中國特色社會主義進入新時代，三是完成脫貧攻堅、全面建成小康社會的歷史任務，實現第一個百年奮斗目標。這是中國共產黨和中國人民團結奮斗贏得的歷史性勝利，是彪炳中華民族發展史冊的歷史性勝利，也是對世界具有深遠影響的歷史性勝利。
Comrades,
Ten years have passed since the Party’s 18th National Congress. The past decade marked three major events of great immediate importance and profound historical significance for the cause of the Party and the people: We embraced the centenary of the Communist Party of China; we ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we eradicated absolute poverty and finished building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, thus completing the First Centenary Goal. These were historic feats—feats accomplished by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people striving in unity, feats that will be forever recorded in the Chinese nation’s history, and feats that will profoundly influence the world.
十年前，我們面對的形勢是，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得巨大成就，黨的建設新的偉大工程取得顯著成效，為我們繼續前進奠定了堅實基礎、創造了良好條件、提供了重要保障，同時一系列長期積累及新出現的突出矛盾和問題亟待解決。黨內存在不少對堅持黨的領導認識模糊、行動乏力問題，存在不少落實黨的領導弱化、虛化、淡化問題，有些黨員、干部政治信仰發生動搖，一些地方和部門形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風屢禁不止，特權思想和特權現象較為嚴重，一些貪腐問題觸目驚心；經濟結構性體制性矛盾突出，發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續，傳統發展模式難以為繼，一些深層次體制機制問題和利益固化藩籬日益顯現；一些人對中國特色社會主義政治制度自信不足，有法不依、執法不嚴等問題嚴重存在；拜金主義、享樂主義、極端個人主義和歷史虛無主義等錯誤思潮不時出現，網絡輿論亂象叢生，嚴重影響人們思想和社會輿論環境；民生保障存在不少薄弱環節；資源環境約束趨緊、環境污染等問題突出；維護國家安全制度不完善、應對各種重大風險能力不強，國防和軍隊現代化存在不少短板弱項；香港、澳門落實“一國兩制”的體制機制不健全；國家安全受到嚴峻挑戰，等等。當時，黨內和社會上不少人對黨和國家前途憂心忡忡。面對這些影響黨長期執政、國家長治久安、人民幸福安康的突出矛盾和問題，黨中央審時度勢、果敢抉擇，銳意進取、攻堅克難，團結帶領全黨全軍全國各族人民擼起袖子加油干、風雨無阻向前行，義無反顧進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭。
A decade ago this was the situation we faced:
Great achievements had been secured in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and notable advances had been made in the great new project of Party building. All this had created solid foundations, favorable conditions, and key underpinnings for our continued progress.
At the same time, however, a number of prominent issues and problems—some of which had been building for years and others which were just emerging—demanded urgent action.
Inside the Party, there were many issues with respect to upholding the Party’s leadership, including a lack of clear understanding and effective action as well as a slide toward weak, hollow, and watered-down Party leadership in practice. Some Party members and officials were wavering in their political conviction. Despite repeated warnings, pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance persisted in some localities and departments. Privilege-seeking mindsets and practices posed a serious problem, and some deeply shocking cases of corruption had been uncovered.
China’s economy was beset by acute structural and institutional problems. Development was imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable, and the traditional development model could no longer keep us moving forward. Some deep-seated problems in institutions and barriers built by vested interests were becoming more and more apparent.
Some people lacked confidence in the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, and, all too often, we saw laws being ignored or not being strictly enforced.
Misguided patterns of thinking such as money worship, hedonism, egocentricity, and historical nihilism were common, and online discourse was rife with disorder. All this had a grave impact on people’s thinking and the public opinion environment.
Our work to ensure the people’s wellbeing was fraught with weak links. Tightening resource and environmental constraints and environmental pollution were pronounced.
The systems for safeguarding national security were inadequate, and our capacity for responding to various major risks was insufficient. Many shortcomings were affecting the modernization of national defense and the military.
The institutions and mechanisms for implementing the policy of One Country, Two Systems in Hong Kong and Macao were not well-developed, and China faced grave challenges to its national security.
These were just some of the problems we faced. Back then, many people, both in and outside of our Party, were worried about the future of the Party and the country.
In the face of these acute problems and challenges, which undermined the Party’s long-term governance, the security and stability of the country, and the wellbeing of the people, the Party Central Committee fully assessed the situation, made resolute decisions, and took firm steps. Under its leadership, the entire Party, the military, and the Chinese people were brought together. We rolled up our sleeves and got down to work, forging ahead with resolve to carry out a great struggle with many new features of our times.
十年來，我們堅持馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀，全面貫徹新時代中國特色社會主義思想，全面貫徹黨的基本路線、基本方略，采取一系列戰略性舉措，推進一系列變革性實踐，實現一系列突破性進展，取得一系列標志性成果，經受住了來自政治、經濟、意識形態、自然界等方面的風險挑戰考驗，黨和國家事業取得歷史性成就、發生歷史性變革，推動我國邁上全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程。
Over the past decade, we have stayed committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and we have fully implemented the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as well as the Party’s basic line and basic policy. We have adopted a number of strategic measures, developed a range of transformative practices, and made a series of breakthroughs and landmark advances. We have withstood risks, challenges, and trials in the political, economic, ideological, and natural domains, secured historic achievements and seen historic changes in the cause of the Party and the country, and taken China on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country in all respects.
——我們創立了新時代中國特色社會主義思想，明確堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的基本方略，提出一系列治國理政新理念新思想新戰略，實現了馬克思主義中國化時代化新的飛躍，堅持不懈用這一創新理論武裝頭腦、指導實踐、推動工作，為新時代黨和國家事業發展提供了根本遵循。
—We have established the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. In doing so, we have laid out the basic policy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, put forward a series of new ideas, new thinking, and new strategies on national governance, and achieved a new breakthrough in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times. We have endeavored to use this new theory to arm ourselves intellectually, guide our practice, and advance our work. This theory provides us with fundamental guidance for advancing the cause of our Party and our country in the new era.
——我們全面加強黨的領導，明確中國特色社會主義*本質的特征是中國共產黨領導，中國特色社會主義制度的*大優勢是中國共產黨領導，中國共產黨是*高政治領導力量，堅持黨中央集中統一領導是*高政治原則，系統完善黨的領導制度體系，全黨增強“四個意識”，自覺在思想上政治上行動上同黨中央保持高度一致，不斷提高政治判斷力、政治領悟力、政治執行力，確保黨中央權威和集中統一領導，確保黨發揮總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，我們這個擁有九千六百多萬名黨員的馬克思主義政黨更加團結統一。
—We have strengthened Party leadership in all respects. We have made clear that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, that the Party is the highest force of political leadership, and that upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the highest political principle. We have made systematic improvements to the Party’s leadership systems. All Party members have become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. They have become more purposeful in closely following the Party Central Committee in thinking, political stance, and action, and they have continued to improve their capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation. All this has ensured the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and guaranteed that the Party fulfills its core role of exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides. Now, our Marxist party of over 96 million members enjoys greater unity and solidarity than ever.
——我們對新時代黨和國家事業發展作出科學完整的戰略部署，提出實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，以中國式現代化推進中華民族偉大復興，統攬偉大斗爭、偉大工程、偉大事業、偉大夢想，明確“五位一體”總體布局和“四個全面”戰略布局，確定穩中求進工作總基調，統籌發展和安全，明確我國社會主要矛盾是人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發展之間的矛盾，并緊緊圍繞這個社會主要矛盾推進各項工作，不斷豐富和發展人類文明新形態。
—We have developed well-conceived and complete strategic plans for advancing the cause of the Party and the country in the new era. We have put forward the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and proposed promoting national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization. We have made well-coordinated efforts to advance our great struggle, our great project, our great cause, and our great dream. We have adopted the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy as well as the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and we have worked to both pursue development and safeguard security. We have identified the principal contradiction facing Chinese society as that between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and we have made it clear that closing this gap should be the focus of all our initiatives. With these efforts, we have made constant progress in enriching and developing a new form of human advancement.
*The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement. The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.
——我們經過接續奮斗，實現了小康這個中華民族的千年夢想，我國發展站在了更高歷史起點上。我們堅持精準扶貧、盡銳出戰，打贏了人類歷史上規模*大的脫貧攻堅戰，全國八百三十二個貧困縣全部摘帽，近一億農村貧困人口實現脫貧，九百六十多萬貧困人口實現易地搬遷，歷史性地解決了絕對貧困問題，為全球減貧事業作出了重大貢獻。
—We have achieved moderate prosperity, the millennia-old dream of the Chinese nation, through persistent hard work. With this, we have elevated China to a higher historical starting point in development. By galvanizing the entire nation to carry out targeted poverty alleviation, we have won the largest battle against poverty in human history. A total of 832 impoverished counties and close to 100 million poor rural residents have been lifted out of poverty, and, among them, more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people have been relocated from inhospitable areas. We have, once and for all, resolved the problem of absolute poverty in China, making significant contributions to the cause of global poverty reduction.
——我們提出并貫徹新發展理念，著力推進高質量發展，推動構建新發展格局，實施供給側結構性改革，制定一系列具有全局性意義的區域重大戰略，我國經濟實力實現歷史性躍升。國內生產總值從五十四萬億元增長到一百一十四萬億元，我國經濟總量占世界經濟的比重達百分之十八點五，提高七點二個百分點，穩居世界第二位；人均國內生產總值從三萬九千八百元增加到八萬一千元。谷物總產量穩居世界首位，十四億多人的糧食安全、能源安全得到有效保障。城鎮化率提高十一點六個百分點，達到百分之六十四點七。制造業規模、外匯儲備穩居世界第一。建成世界*大的高速鐵路網、高速公路網，機場港口、水利、能源、信息等基礎設施建設取得重大成就。我們加快推進科技自立自強，全社會研發經費支出從一萬億元增加到二萬八千億元，居世界第二位，研發人員總量居世界首位。基礎研究和原始創新不斷加強，一些關鍵核心技術實現突破，戰略性新興產業發展壯大，載人航天、探月探火、深海深地探測、超級計算機、衛星導航、量子信息、核電技術、新能源技術、大飛機制造、生物醫藥等取得重大成果，進入創新型國家行列。
—We have put forward and applied a new development philosophy, worked hard to promote high-quality development, and pushed to foster a new pattern of development. We have carried out supply-side structural reform, formulated a series of major regional strategies important to China’s overall development, and brought about a historic rise in China’s economic strength.
In the past decade, China’s GDP has grown from 54 trillion yuan to 114 trillion yuan to account for 18.5 percent of the world economy, up 7.2 percentage points. China has remained the world’s second largest economy, and its per capita GDP has risen from 39,800 yuan to 81,000 yuan. It ranks first in the world in terms of grain output, and it has ensured food and energy security for its more than 1.4 billion people. The number of permanent urban residents has grown by 11.6 percentage points to account for 64.7 percent of the population. China’s manufacturing sector is the largest in the world, as are its foreign exchange reserves. China has built the world’s largest networks of high-speed railways and expressways and made major achievements in building airports, ports, and water conservancy, energy, information, and other infrastructure.
We have accelerated efforts to build our self-reliance and strength in science and technology, with nationwide R&D spending rising from 1 trillion yuan to 2.8 trillion yuan, the second highest in the world. Our country is now home to the largest cohort of R&D personnel in the world.
We have grown stronger in basic research and original innovation, made breakthroughs in some core technologies in key fields, and boosted emerging strategic industries. We have witnessed major successes on multiple fronts, including manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian exploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, new energy technology, airliner manufacturing, and biomedicine. China has joined the ranks of the world’s innovators.
——我們以巨大的政治勇氣全面深化改革，打響改革攻堅戰，加強改革頂層設計，敢于突進深水區，敢于啃硬骨頭，敢于涉險灘，敢于面對新矛盾新挑戰，沖破思想觀念束縛，突破利益固化藩籬，堅決破除各方面體制機制弊端，各領域基礎性制度框架基本建立，許多領域實現歷史性變革、系統性重塑、整體性重構，新一輪黨和國家機構改革全面完成，中國特色社會主義制度更加成熟更加定型，國家治理體系和治理能力現代化水平明顯提高。
—We have comprehensively deepened reform with tremendous political courage. We have carried out critical tasks and enhanced top-level design for reform. We have dared to brave uncharted waters, take on tough problems, navigate potential dangers, and face new issues and challenges. We have broken the shackles of stale thinking, torn down barriers erected by vested interests, and removed institutional obstacles in all areas. This has enabled us to put in place foundational institutional frameworks in all sectors, to achieve historic, systemic, and holistic transformations in many fields, and to complete a new round of reform in Party and state institutions. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and well-defined, and China’s system and capacity for governance have been further modernized.
——我們實行更加積極主動的開放戰略，構建面向全球的高標準自由貿易區網絡，加快推進自由貿易試驗區、海南自由貿易港建設，共建“一帶一路”成為深受歡迎的國際公共產品和國際合作平臺。我國成為一百四十多個國家和地區的主要貿易伙伴，貨物貿易總額居世界第一，吸引外資和對外投資居世界前列，形成更大范圍、更寬領域、更深層次對外開放格局。
—We have pursued a more proactive strategy of opening up. We have worked to build a globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade areas and accelerated the development of pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port. As a collaborative endeavor, the Belt and Road Initiative has been welcomed by the international community both as a public good and a cooperation platform. China has become a major trading partner for more than 140 countries and regions, it leads the world in total volume of trade in goods, and it is a major destination for global investment and a leading country in outbound investment. Through these efforts, we have advanced a broader agenda of opening up across more areas and in greater depth.
——我們堅持走中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，全面發展全過程人民民主，社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化全面推進，社會主義協商民主廣泛開展，人民當家作主更為扎實，基層民主活力增強，愛國統一戰線鞏固拓展，民族團結進步呈現新氣象，黨的宗教工作基本方針得到全面貫徹，人權得到更好保障。社會主義法治國家建設深入推進，全面依法治國總體格局基本形成，中國特色社會主義法治體系加快建設，司法體制改革取得重大進展，社會公平正義保障更為堅實，法治中國建設開創新局面。
—We have kept to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We have comprehensively developed whole-process people’s democracy, made all-around progress in improving the institutions, standards, and procedures of our socialist democracy, and advanced socialist consultative democracy by way of extensive participation. We have reinforced the foundations that undergird the people’s running of the country, injected fresh vitality into democracy at the community level, and consolidated and expanded the patriotic united front. We have made new accomplishments in promoting ethnic unity and progress, fully implemented the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, and provided better protections for human rights. We have intensified efforts to advance socialist rule of law in our country, and a comprehensive framework for law-based governance has taken shape. We have sped up work on developing the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. We have made major progress in reforming the judicial system, thus providing more effective protection for social fairness and justice. These efforts have opened new ground for advancing the rule of law in China.
——我們確立和堅持馬克思主義在意識形態領域指導地位的根本制度，新時代黨的創新理論深入人心，社會主義核心價值觀廣泛傳播，中華優秀傳統文化得到創造性轉化、創新性發展，文化事業日益繁榮，網絡生態持續向好，意識形態領域形勢發生全局性、根本性轉變。我們隆重慶祝中國人民解放軍建軍九十周年、改革開放四十周年，隆重紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利七十周年、中國人民志愿軍抗美援朝出國作戰七十周年，成功舉辦北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會，青年一代更加積極向上，全黨全國各族人民文化自信明顯增強、精神面貌更加奮發昂揚。
—We have established and upheld a foundational system for ensuring the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain. The Party’s new theory for the new era has been embraced by the people, the core socialist values are resonating with the public, fine traditional Chinese culture is undergoing creative transformation and development, cultural programs are flourishing, and the online environment has seen continuous improvement. All this has brought overarching and fundamental changes in China’s ideological landscape.
We celebrated the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army, the 40th anniversary of the launch of reform and opening up, the 70th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the global war against fascism, and the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People’s Volunteers’ departure for Korea to resist US aggression and aid Korea. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics were a great success. Our young people are filled with greater optimism and enterprise, and there is a notably stronger sense of cultural confidence and a higher level of morale throughout the Party and the nation.
——我們深入貫徹以人民為中心的發展思想，在幼有所育、學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居、弱有所扶上持續用力，人民生活全方位改善。人均預期壽命增長到七十八點二歲。居民人均可支配收入從一萬六千五百元增加到三萬五千一百元。城鎮新增就業年均一千三百萬人以上。建成世界上規模*大的教育體系、社會保障體系、醫療衛生體系，教育普及水平實現歷史性跨越，基本養老保險覆蓋十億四千萬人，基本醫療保險參保率穩定在百分之九十五。及時調整生育政策。改造棚戶區住房四千二百多萬套，改造農村危房二千四百多萬戶，城鄉居民住房條件明顯改善。互聯網上網人數達十億三千萬人。人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感更加充實、更有保障、更可持續，共同富裕取得新成效。
—We have implemented a people-centered philosophy of development. We have worked continuously to ensure people’s access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, elderly care, housing, and social assistance, thus bringing about an all-around improvement in people’s lives. China’s life expectancy has reached 78.2 years, its per capita disposable annual income has risen from 16,500 yuan to 35,100 yuan, and more than 13 million urban jobs have been created each year on average over the past 10 years. We have built the largest education, social security, and healthcare systems in the world. These achievements have allowed us to make historic strides in making education universally available, bring 1.04 billion people under the coverage of basic old-age insurance, and ensure basic medical insurance for 95 percent of the population. Timely adjustments have been made to the childbirth policy. More than 42 million housing units in run-down urban areas and more than 24 million dilapidated rural houses have been rebuilt, marking a significant improvement in housing conditions in both urban and rural areas. The number of internet users has reached 1.03 billion. We have ensured a more complete and lasting sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security for our people, and we have made further progress in achieving common prosperity for all.
——我們堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，堅持山水林田湖草沙一體化保護和系統治理，全方位、全地域、全過程加強生態環境保護，生態文明制度體系更加健全，污染防治攻堅向縱深推進，綠色、循環、低碳發展邁出堅實步伐，生態環境保護發生歷史性、轉折性、全局性變化，我們的祖國天更藍、山更綠、水更清。
—We have acted on the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. We have persisted with a holistic and systematic approach to conserving and improving mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems, and we have ensured stronger ecological conservation and environmental protection across the board, in all regions, and at all times. China’s ecological conservation systems have been improved, the critical battle against pollution has been advanced, and solid progress has been made in promoting green, circular, and low-carbon development. This has led to historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes in ecological and environmental protection and has brought us bluer skies, greener mountains, and cleaner waters.
——我們貫徹總體國家安全觀，國家安全領導體制和法治體系、戰略體系、政策體系不斷完善，在原則問題上寸步不讓，以堅定的意志品質維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，國家安全得到全面加強。共建共治共享的社會治理制度進一步健全，民族分裂勢力、宗教極端勢力、暴力恐怖勢力得到有效遏制，掃黑除惡專項斗爭取得階段性成果，有力應對一系列重大自然災害，平安中國建設邁向更高水平。
—We have applied a holistic approach to national security. We have steadily improved the leadership, legal, strategy, and policy systems for national security. We have not yielded any ground on matters of principle, and we have resolutely safeguarded China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. National security has thus been strengthened on all fronts. We have further improved the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and shared benefits. We have effectively contained ethnic separatists, religious extremists, and violent terrorists and secured important progress in the campaigns to combat and root out organized crime. We have responded effectively to major natural disasters. The Peaceful China Initiative has entered a new stage.
——我們確立黨在新時代的強軍目標，貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導，召開古田全軍政治工作會議，以整風精神推進政治整訓，牢固樹立戰斗力這個唯一的根本的標準，堅決把全軍工作重心歸正到備戰打仗上來，統籌加強各方向各領域軍事斗爭，大抓實戰化軍事訓練，大刀闊斧深化國防和軍隊改革，重構人民軍隊領導指揮體制、現代軍事力量體系、軍事政策制度，加快國防和軍隊現代化建設，裁減現役員額三十萬勝利完成，人民軍隊體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新，現代化水平和實戰能力顯著提升，中國特色強軍之路越走越寬廣。
—We have set the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era. We have implemented the Party’s thinking on strengthening the military for the new era, followed the military strategy for the new era, and upheld absolute Party leadership over the people’s armed forces. We held a meeting on military political work in Gutian in 2014 and improved political conduct through rectification initiatives. Having established combat effectiveness as the sole criterion, we have acted with resolve to focus the entire military’s attention on combat readiness. We have coordinated efforts to strengthen military work in all directions and domains and devoted great energy to training under combat conditions. We have carried out bold reforms of national defense and the armed forces, restructuring the military leadership and command systems, the modern armed forces system, and the military policy system. We have moved faster to modernize our national defense and the armed forces and reduced the number of active service personnel by 300,000. With new systems, a new structure, a new configuration, and a new look, the people’s armed forces have become a much more modern and capable fighting force, and the Chinese path to building a strong military is growing ever broader.
——我們全面準確推進“一國兩制”實踐，堅持“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，推動香港進入由亂到治走向由治及興的新階段，香港、澳門保持長期穩定發展良好態勢。我們提出新時代解決臺灣問題的總體方略，促進兩岸交流合作，堅決反對“臺獨”分裂行徑，堅決反對外部勢力干涉，牢牢把握兩岸關系主導權和主動權。
—We have fully and faithfully implemented the policy of One Country, Two Systems. We have upheld the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We have helped Hong Kong enter a new stage in which it has restored order and is set to thrive, and we have seen both Hong Kong and Macao maintain good momentum for long-term stability and development. We have put forward an overall policy framework for resolving the Taiwan question in the new era and facilitated cross-Strait exchanges and cooperation. We have resolutely opposed separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and foreign interference. We have thus maintained the initiative and the ability to steer in cross-Strait relations.
——我們全面推進中國特色大國外交，推動構建人類命運共同體，堅定維護國際公平正義，倡導踐行真正的多邊主義，旗幟鮮明反對一切霸權主義和強權政治，毫不動搖反對任何單邊主義、保護主義、霸凌行徑。我們完善外交總體布局，積極建設覆蓋全球的伙伴關系網絡，推動構建新型國際關系。我們展現負責任大國擔當，積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設，全面開展抗擊新冠肺炎疫情國際合作，贏得廣泛國際贊譽，我國國際影響力、感召力、塑造力顯著提升。
—We have pursued major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. We have promoted the development of a human community with a shared future and stood firm in protecting international fairness and justice. We have advocated and practiced true multilateralism. We have taken a clear-cut stance against hegemonism and power politics in all their forms, and we have never wavered in our opposition to unilateralism, protectionism, and bullying of any kind. We have improved China’s overall diplomatic agenda and worked actively to build a global network of partnerships and foster a new type of international relations. We have demonstrated China’s sense of duty as a responsible major country, actively participating in the reform and development of the global governance system and engaging in all-around international cooperation in the fight against Covid-19. All this has seen us win widespread international recognition. China’s international influence, appeal, and power to shape have risen markedly.
——我們深入推進全面從嚴治黨，堅持打鐵必須自身硬，從制定和落實中央八項規定開局破題，提出和落實新時代黨的建設總要求，以黨的政治建設統領黨的建設各項工作，堅持思想建黨和制度治黨同向發力，嚴肅黨內政治生活，持續開展黨內集中教育，提出和堅持新時代黨的組織路線，突出政治標準選賢任能，加強政治巡視，形成比較完善的黨內法規體系，推動全黨堅定理想信念、嚴密組織體系、嚴明紀律規矩。我們持之以恒正風肅紀，以釘釘子精神糾治“四風”，反對特權思想和特權現象，堅決整治群眾身邊的不正之風和腐敗問題，剎住了一些長期沒有剎住的歪風，糾治了一些多年未除的頑瘴痼疾。我們開展了史無前例的反腐敗斗爭，以“得罪千百人、不負十四億”的使命擔當祛疴治亂，不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一體推進，“打虎”、“拍蠅”、“獵狐”多管齊下，反腐敗斗爭取得壓倒性勝利并全面鞏固，消除了黨、國家、軍隊內部存在的嚴重隱患，確保黨和人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀幸福。經過不懈努力，黨找到了自我革命這一跳出治亂興衰歷史周期率的第二個答案，自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力顯著增強，管黨治黨寬松軟狀況得到根本扭轉，風清氣正的黨內政治生態不斷形成和發展，確保黨永遠不變質、不變色、不變味。
—We have made significant advances in exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance. Guided by the belief that it takes a good blacksmith to forge good steel, we kicked off our efforts by formulating and implementing the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving conduct. We have put forward and implemented the general requirements for strengthening the Party in the new era. We have set strengthening ourselves politically as the overarching guide for all other initiatives of Party building, and we have made sure that our ideological work is aligned with our institution building efforts. Intraparty political activities have been conducted in earnest, and we have continued to carry out intensive education initiatives. We have formulated and implemented the Party’s organizational line for the new era and placed an emphasis on political commitment in selecting and appointing officials. Political inspections have been strengthened, and a sound system of Party regulations has taken shape. These moves have enabled the entire Party to maintain firm ideals and convictions and have strengthened the Party’s organizational system and tightened discipline and rules.
We have worked ceaselessly to improve Party conduct and enforce Party discipline. We have hammered away at the task of rectifying pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance; opposed privilege-seeking mindsets and practices; and taken strong action to address misconduct and corruption that occur at people’s doorsteps. Thanks to these efforts, unhealthy tendencies that had long gone unchecked have been reversed, and deep-seated problems that had plagued us for years have been remedied.
We have waged a battle against corruption on a scale unprecedented in our history. Driven by a strong sense of mission, we have resolved to “offend a few thousand rather than fail 1.4 billion” and to clear our Party of all its ills. We have taken coordinated steps to see that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity, or desire to be corrupt, and we have used a combination of measures to “take out tigers,” “swat flies,” and “hunt down foxes,” punishing corrupt officials of all types. We have achieved an overwhelming victory and fully consolidated the gains in our fight against corruption. All this has helped remove serious hidden dangers in the Party, the country, and the military and ensured that the power granted to us by the Party and the people is always exercised in the interests of the people.
Through painstaking efforts, the Party has found a second answer to the question of how to escape the historical cycle of rise and fall. The answer is self-reform. We have significantly boosted the Party’s ability to purify, improve, renew, and excel itself, addressed the problem of lax and weak self-governance in Party organizations at the root, and steadily fostered and developed a political atmosphere of integrity within the Party. By doing so, we have ensured that the Party will never change its nature, its conviction, or its character.
在充分肯定黨和國家事業取得舉世矚目成就的同時，必須清醒看到，我們的工作還存在一些不足，面臨不少困難和問題。主要有：發展不平衡不充分問題仍然突出，推進高質量發展還有許多卡點瓶頸，科技創新能力還不強；確保糧食、能源、產業鏈供應鏈可靠安全和防范金融風險還須解決許多重大問題；重點領域改革還有不少硬骨頭要啃；意識形態領域存在不少挑戰；城鄉區域發展和收入分配差距仍然較大；群眾在就業、教育、醫療、托育、養老、住房等方面面臨不少難題；生態環境保護任務依然艱巨；一些黨員、干部缺乏擔當精神，斗爭本領不強，實干精神不足，形式主義、官僚主義現象仍較突出；鏟除腐敗滋生土壤任務依然艱巨，等等。對這些問題，我們已經采取一系列措施加以解決，今后必須加大工作力度。
As we fully affirm the remarkable achievements we have made in the cause of the Party and the country, we must not lose sight of the shortcomings in our work and the many difficulties and problems confronting us. They are mainly as follows:
Imbalances and inadequacies in development remain a prominent problem. There are many bottlenecks hindering high-quality development, and China’s capacity for scientific and technological innovation is not yet strong enough. Many major issues need to be resolved in order to guard against financial risks and ensure that food, energy, and industrial and supply chains are secure and reliable.
There are still many tough issues to be addressed in the reform of key areas. Quite a few challenges exist in the ideological domain. There are still wide gaps in development and income distribution between urban and rural areas and between regions. Our people face many difficulties in areas such as employment, education, medical services, childcare, elderly care, and housing. Ecological conservation and environmental protection remain a formidable task.
Some Party members and officials lack a strong sense of responsibility, the capacity to grapple with tough challenges, and the readiness to get down to work. Pointless formalities and bureaucratism remain rather pronounced. Eradicating breeding grounds for corruption is still an arduous task.
We have already put in place a series of measures to deal with these problems, and we must redouble our efforts to see them fully resolved.
同志們！新時代的偉大成就是黨和人民一道拼出來、干出來、奮斗出來的！在這里，我代表中共中央，向全體中國共產黨員，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！
Comrades,
The great achievements of the new era have come from the collective dedication and hard work of our Party and our people. Here, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I express our heartfelt gratitude to all of our Party members, to the people of all ethnic groups, to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and patriotic figures from all sectors of society, to our fellow compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, and to all our friends around the world who have shown understanding and support for China’s modernization drive.
新時代十年的偉大變革，在黨史、新中國史、改革開放史、社會主義發展史、中華民族發展史上具有里程碑意義。走過百年奮斗歷程的中國共產黨在革命性鍛造中更加堅強有力，黨的政治領導力、思想引領力、群眾組織力、社會號召力顯著增強，黨同人民群眾始終保持血肉聯系，中國共產黨在世界形勢深刻變化的歷史進程中始終走在時代前列，在應對國內外各種風險和考驗的歷史進程中始終成為全國人民的主心骨，在堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的歷史進程中始終成為堅強領導核心。中國人民的前進動力更加強大、奮斗精神更加昂揚、必勝信念更加堅定，煥發出更為強烈的歷史自覺和主動精神，中國共產黨和中國人民正信心百倍推進中華民族從站起來、富起來到強起來的偉大飛躍。改革開放和社會主義現代化建設深入推進，書寫了經濟快速發展和社會長期穩定兩大奇跡新篇章，我國發展具備了更為堅實的物質基礎、更為完善的制度保證，實現中華民族偉大復興進入了不可逆轉的歷史進程。科學社會主義在二十一世紀的中國煥發出新的蓬勃生機，中國式現代化為人類實現現代化提供了新的選擇，中國共產黨和中國人民為解決人類面臨的共同問題提供更多更好的中國智慧、中國方案、中國力量，為人類和平與發展崇高事業作出新的更大的貢獻！
The great transformation over the past 10 years of the new era marks a milestone in the history of the Party, of the People’s Republic of China, of reform and opening up, of the development of socialism, and of the development of the Chinese nation. Over the course of a century of endeavor, the Communist Party of China has tempered itself through revolution and grown stronger. It has grown better at providing political leadership, giving theoretical guidance, organizing the people, and inspiring society, all while maintaining a close bond with the people. Throughout the Party’s history, as the world has undergone profound changes, it has always remained at the forefront of the times. As we have responded to risks and tests at home and abroad, the Party has always remained the backbone of the nation. And as we have upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party has always remained a strong leadership core.
The Chinese people are more inspired than ever to forge ahead, more resolved than ever to work hard, and more confident than ever of securing success. They are filled with a stronger sense of history and initiative. With full confidence, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people are driving the great transformation of the Chinese nation from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. We have advanced reform, opening up, and socialist modernization and have written a new chapter on the miracles of fast economic growth and long-term social stability. China now has more solid material foundations and stronger institutional underpinnings for pursuing development. The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible historical course.
Scientific socialism is brimming with renewed vitality in 21st-century China. Chinese modernization offers humanity a new choice for achieving modernization. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people have provided humanity with more Chinese insight, better Chinese input, and greater Chinese strength to help solve its common challenges and have made new and greater contributions to the noble cause of human peace and development.
